EN388 is the European standard that rates how well gloves and protective garments resist mechanical risks, and its most asked-about figure is the cut-resistance score. Under the current EN388:2016+A1:2018 version, cut resistance is reported two ways: a Coupe test result graded 1 to 5, and a TDM (ISO 13997) result graded A to F, where F is the highest manufacturer-stated level. These ratings come from standardised lab testing, so they describe how a sample performed under controlled conditions. They are not a guarantee that the item will stop every blade in every situation. In this guide we explain what each EN388 level means, how to read the full marking, and how to choose cut-resistant gear that matches your real task.
What does EN388 actually measure?
EN388 tests a material against four or five mechanical hazards and prints the results as a string of characters next to a small shield pictogram. Each position in that string is a different test, so a single glove carries several scores at once.
- Abrasion (1 to 4): resistance to rubbing and wear.
- Coupe cut (1 to 5): resistance to a rotating circular blade. Marked X if the material blunts the blade and the result is unreliable.
- Tear (1 to 4): force needed to tear the material.
- Puncture (1 to 4): resistance to a blunt point being pushed through. Note this is not the same as a sharp needle or spike.
- TDM cut, A to F (since 2016): the ISO 13997 straight-blade test, used when materials are cut-sensitive or where a more reliable cut figure is needed.
- Impact, P (optional): a P appears if the item passed the EN13594 impact test on knuckles or back-of-hand.
So a marking such as 4X42C P reads as abrasion 4, Coupe not applicable, tear 4, puncture 2, TDM cut level C, and impact protection passed. The most important thing to understand is that the letter (A to F) and the number (1 to 5) are two different cut tests, not a sequence.
What do the EN388 cut resistance levels mean?
For buyers, the TDM letter grade (A to F) is usually the most reliable cut figure because the Coupe number can be skewed when a blade is blunted by hard fibres. The table below summarises both scales. The blade-load figures are the standardised test thresholds defined by the standard, not a real-world cut force.
TDM cut levels (ISO 13997, letters A to F)
- Level A: lowest tested cut resistance. General handling where sharp edges are unlikely.
- Level B: light cut risk, such as assembly or light material handling.
- Level C: moderate cut risk, a common everyday level for warehousing and construction.
- Level D: higher cut risk, metal handling, glass work and similar tasks.
- Level E: high cut risk where sharp edges are frequent.
- Level F: highest manufacturer-stated cut level under the standard, for severe and frequent blade exposure.
Coupe cut levels (rotating blade, numbers 1 to 5)
- Level 1: minimal cut resistance.
- Level 2: low.
- Level 3: moderate.
- Level 4: high.
- Level 5: highest on the Coupe scale.
A higher level means the sample withstood more in the lab. It does not mean the item is cut-proof. Performance in use also depends on fit, the angle and sharpness of the blade, how the material is held, and wear over time.
EN388 is for cuts, not stabs: why the difference matters
This is the single most common mix-up, and for life-safety gear it is worth getting right. EN388 measures resistance to slicing and abrasion. It does not measure resistance to a stabbing or spiking attack. The EN388 puncture score uses a relatively blunt point and a low force, so it tells you very little about whether something will stop a knife thrust or a spike.
Protection against stabbing and spiking is covered by a separate framework. In the UK this is most often associated with Home Office body armour standards, which test edged-blade (knife) and spike threats specifically. If your concern is a stabbing risk rather than accidental cuts, you should be looking at dedicated stab and spike resistant protection rather than relying on an EN388 cut rating. For ballistic threats, neither EN388 nor stab standards apply, and you would look at rated body armour panels and plates. All protection ratings are manufacturer-stated and reflect standardised testing, not a guarantee in every situation.
How do I choose the right cut-resistant level?
The right level is the one that matches your actual hazard, not the highest number you can find. Over-specifying can reduce dexterity and grip, which sometimes increases risk. Use this approach:
- Identify the hazard: Is it slicing or stabbing? EN388 only covers cuts and abrasion. For stab threats, choose stab-rated gear instead.
- Assess severity and frequency: Occasional light edges suit lower TDM levels (A to C). Frequent contact with sharp metal, glass or blades points to D, E or F.
- Read the full marking, not one digit: A glove can be cut level F but have low abrasion or tear scores. Match every number to your task.
- Balance protection with dexterity: The most protective option is useless if it is too bulky to do the job safely.
- Check fit and coverage: Gloves protect hands, but forearms, neck and torso may also be exposed. Consider sleeves and garments where relevant.
- Plan for wear: Ratings are tested on new samples. Inspect and replace cut-resistant gear as it wears.
Browse our cut-resistant gear to compare EN388 markings across gloves and garments, and pair it with the right tactical gear and carriers if you are building a wider kit.
EN388 cut levels at a glance
Use this quick summary as a starting point. Always confirm the full marking and the manufacturer's guidance for your specific application.
- Low risk (TDM A to B, Coupe 1 to 2): general handling, light assembly, dry goods.
- Moderate risk (TDM C, Coupe 3): warehousing, construction, mixed handling.
- High risk (TDM D to E, Coupe 4 to 5): metal fabrication, glass, sheet handling.
- Severe risk (TDM F): frequent and aggressive blade exposure.
Is EN388 the same as ANSI cut ratings?
No. EN388 is the European standard. The United States uses ANSI/ISEA 105, which grades cut resistance A1 to A9. The two systems use different test methods and thresholds, so the grades do not convert directly. A product sold for the UK and EU market should carry an EN388 marking, and many international products list both. If you see only an ANSI grade, ask the seller for the EN388 figures so you can compare like for like.
Frequently asked questions
What is the highest EN388 cut resistance level?
The highest cut figure under the current EN388:2016+A1:2018 standard is TDM level F, from the ISO 13997 straight-blade test. On the older Coupe scale the top number is 5. F represents the highest manufacturer-stated cut level achieved in standardised lab testing, not a promise of invulnerability.
Does a high EN388 cut level protect against knife stabbing?
No. EN388 measures resistance to slicing cuts and abrasion, not stabbing or spiking. The puncture score uses a blunt point at low force. For knife or spike threats you need dedicated stab and spike resistant protection tested to the appropriate standard.
How do I read an EN388 glove marking?
Read it left to right as abrasion, Coupe cut, tear, puncture, then a TDM cut letter, and an optional P for impact. An X means that test was not applicable, often because the blade was blunted during the Coupe test.
What cut level do I need for everyday handling?
For general handling with occasional light edges, a moderate level such as TDM C or Coupe 3 is a common choice. Tasks involving sharp metal, glass or blades usually call for D, E or F. Always match the rating to your specific hazard and keep dexterity in mind.
Is it legal to buy protective gear in the UK?
Cut-resistant gloves and garments are everyday protective equipment and are legal to buy and own in the UK. Civilian ownership of body armour is also legal in England, Wales and Scotland, with no licence required to own it. Laws differ by country, so buyers shipping abroad must verify local legality. R Supply Store does not provide legal advice.
Ordering and dispatch
R Supply Store is a UK seller and ships worldwide with free worldwide tracked dispatch. Our protective equipment is in high demand, so we recommend you order now to avoid delays. If you are unsure which EN388 level or which type of protection fits your needs, contact us before ordering and we will help you match the gear to your task. You can also explore related protection in our ballistic vests and carriers range when building a complete kit.